Cause and Effect of Road Accident Paragraph
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Road accidents in this South Asian country have turned into a manifold problem and now represent a critical public health and safety issue, with far-flung consequences radiating upon society, economic conditions, and the lives of individuals. These accidents are the result of complex interactions between human behavior, inadequacy in infrastructural arrangement, and faults in the system.
The primary reasons for such accidents are rash driving and gross violation of traffic laws. As reported by the Bangladesh Road Transport Authority, more than 80% of all types of crashes occurring on this soil are caused by human failure. Two of these human failures relate specifically to overspeeding and overtaking. Add to this the negligence in making proper training and licensing arrangements for drivers. In 2020, BRTA told that only 35 percent of drivers on Bangladeshi roads had valid licenses, indicating a grave shortage of qualified drivers.
Add to this the problem of unfit vehicles running on the roads. According to a 2019 study by the Accident Research Institute of BUET, about 40% of the vehicles running on the roads were unfit for minimum safety standards. These include faulty brakes, worn-out tires, and lights that do not work properly, all of which increase the chances of accidents manyfold.
Deficiencies in infrastructure also have a gigantic contribution. According to the 2018 Bangladesh transport report by the World Bank, only 40 percent of national highways in the country were in good condition. Badly maintained roads, poor lighting, and lack of proper signing and marking create dangerous driving conditions across the country. Mixing of slow moving vehicles like rickshaws and animal drawn carts with fast moving traffic on highway provides an atmosphere filled with danger, always vulnerable to possible collisions.
The effects resulting from these road accidents are devastating and wide-ranging. According to the World Health Organization, Bangladesh loses about 2% of its GDP annually due to international road traffic crashes. With these huge effects on the economy, it translates into billions of dollars that are lost in productivity, treatment, and property destruction.
It is the human toll that is even more alarming. The Bangladesh Police report indicates over 4,000 fatalities and 8,000 injuries from road accidents in 2021 alone. Experts say that these numbers are grossly understated and could well be three to five times higher. Every casualty has a life behind it, causing loss and grief to the family and community, often taking away the breadwinner and sometimes even snatching away a loved one or causing permanent psychological trauma.
Thus, the burden of road accidents on the healthcare system is very high. According to a study by the National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Rehabilitation, in 2020, nearly 30% of trauma care beds in public hospitals have been occupied by such road accident victims, thereby putting immense pressure on already strained medical resources. Many survivors suffer long-term disabilities that involve continued requirements for related medical care and rehabilitation, thus putting added stress on both families and the healthcare system.
This affects not only personal lives but also the social fabric of communities. According to a 2019 survey by BRAC, in rural areas, about 60% of households in rural areas who reported a road accident-related death or severe injury recorded a decline in quality of life and social status within their community.
This means that over 70% of the victims of road accidents are between 15-45 years of age, based on data from the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. This has long-term implications for the country’s workforce and economic growth potential.
Little attention is given to the psychological implications road accidents have on survivors and witnesses. According to a report in the Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 45% of survivors from a road accident in Bangladesh developed symptoms of PTSD, and many reported long-term anxiety and depression.
Environmental implications of accidents exist as well. The National Environment Agency estimated that in 2020 alone, road accidents contributed to around 5% of hazardous waste spills in Bangladesh, including fuel and chemical leaks that can contaminate soil and water sources.
The ripple extends into the education sector. According to a 2018 report by the Campaign for Popular Education, CAMPE, children who lost their parent or guardian in road accidents are 30% more likely to drop out from school, thereby propagating a cycle of poverty while missing chances for betterment.
These crises have a multi-faceted cure. The tight control over enforcement of traffic laws, improvement in the system of education and licensing of drivers, and committed investment in road infrastructure are the few, absolutely necessary steps to be taken. The National Road Safety Strategic Action Plan of the government 2017-2020 aimed at slashing fatalities on roads by 50 percent in the year 2020—but progress has been slow, so more robust mechanisms of implementation and accountability are called for.
Community-based initiatives, such as awareness campaigns and local road safety committees, have shown some promise. There was a reduction of 30% in the accidents within a span of two years in a BRAC pilot in 10 districts through engaging communities and strengthening the system of local governance.
This is a widearsi, complex problem in Bangladesh, which must be addressed through combined efforts by the government, civil society, and individuals. By going down to its roots and implementing an all-rounded solution, Bangladesh will be able to move towards having safer roads that save lives and promote sustainable development.